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Schulklasse beim Unterricht (refer to: Verbal or numerical? How report cards change parents' views of their children's school skills) | Source: © contrastwerkstatt / Adobe Stock

Press releaseVerbal or numerical? How report cards change parents' views of their children's school skills

A new study by BiB shows that most parents overestimate their children's school skills. Written assessments in report cards have little effect on this, whereas grades have a stronger impact on parents.

Peer-Reviewed Articles in Scientific JournalsRäumliche Einkommens- und Kaufkraftunterschiede im Kontext des Politikziels gleichwertiger Lebensverhältnisse in Bayern

Swiaczny, Frank; Sulak, Harun; Klüsener, Sebastian (2023)

Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning 81(4): 342–354

DOI: 10.14512/rur.1553

The spatial differences in income in Bavaria were examined in the context of the goal of equivalent living and working conditions anchored in the Bavarian constitution and state planning. Disparities in income distribution, taking into account spatial differences in purchasing power, are of central importance as a measure of equal living conditions. The presented analysis of spatial income disparities uses consistent time series data for the Bavarian counties in the period 1991 to 2018, which were determined as part of the national accounts. Using the Theil index, it can be shown for Bavaria that spatial disparities in the primary income of counties are significantly reduced by taxes and social benefits, and have generally decreased in recent decades. This applies both to differences between and within administrative districts, as well as to differences between and within types of counties which reflect the degree of urbanisation. An adjustment for regional housing costs further reduces spatial disparities in material living standards, whereby large-scale interregional differences become less significant.